Research library

Every claim on this site traces to a real source. Here are all 262 of them — peer-reviewed trials, pharmacology studies, and FDA documents behind 117 articles, deduplicated and linked to the pieces that cite each one. Verified identifiers only; no invented PMIDs, no vendor pages.

262 sources

  1. 12×
  2. 9×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (interim 503A bulks list). FDA.gov. 2023. FDA 503A bulk substances

    Cited in CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin compared·Ipamorelin vs GHRP-6 vs GHRP-2·What is BPC-157?·What is TB-500?·What is ipamorelin?·What is CJC-1295?·What is sermorelin?·What are research peptides?·What is GHK-Cu (copper peptide)?

  3. 8×
  4. 8×

    Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, et al. Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GHRH, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. PMID 16352683

    Cited in CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin compared·Sermorelin vs CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin·CJC-1295 DAC vs no-DAC·Tesamorelin vs CJC-1295·What is ipamorelin?·What is CJC-1295?·What is tesamorelin?·What is sermorelin?

  5. 7×
  6. 5×
  7. 4×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA clarifies policies for compounders as national GLP-1 supply begins to stabilize (shortage resolution and enforcement wind-down). FDA.gov. 2025. FDA Drug Alerts & Statements

    Cited in What is the difference between compounded and brand GLP-1?·Is compounded semaglutide still legal? (2026 update)·Are peptides legal?·What is happening with FDA peptide regulation in 2026?

  8. 4×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Compounding and the FDA: Questions and Answers (sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act). FDA.gov. 2024. FDA Human Drug Compounding

    Cited in Are peptides legal?·Is BPC-157 legal?·Peptide compounding pharmacies, explained·What is happening with FDA peptide regulation in 2026?

  9. 4×

    Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038

    Cited in Semaglutide vs tirzepatide compared·Retatrutide vs tirzepatide compared·What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?·What is tirzepatide?

  10. 4×

    Furihata K, Mimura H, Urva S, et al. A phase 1 multiple-ascending dose study of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022. DOI 10.1111/dom.14572

    Cited in What is a half-life and why does it matter?·How long does tirzepatide stay in your system?·What happens if you miss a tirzepatide dose?·Why are GLP-1 medications dosed weekly?

  11. 4×

    Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998. PMID 9849822

    Cited in CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin compared·Sermorelin vs CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin·Ipamorelin vs GHRP-6 vs GHRP-2·What is ipamorelin?

  12. 3×

    Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972

    Cited in Retatrutide vs tirzepatide compared·How to reconstitute retatrutide·What is retatrutide?

  13. 3×

    Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183

    Cited in Semaglutide vs tirzepatide compared·What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?·What is semaglutide?

  14. 3×

    U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapter <790> Visible Particulates in Injections (injectable products inspected against black and white backgrounds should be essentially free of visible particulates). United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF). 2021. USP <790>

    Cited in Why is my reconstituted peptide cloudy or has floaters?·What color should tirzepatide be after reconstitution?·How to draw up a subcutaneous injection

  15. 3×

    Lau J, Bloch P, Schäffer L, et al. Discovery of the Once-Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogue Semaglutide. J Med Chem. 2015. DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01016

    Cited in How long does semaglutide stay in your system?·Why are GLP-1 medications dosed weekly?·What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?

  16. 3×

    Prakash A, Goa KL. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999. PMID 18031173

    Cited in Sermorelin vs CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin·CJC-1295 DAC vs no-DAC·What is sermorelin?

  17. 3×

    Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999. DOI 10.1038/45230

    Cited in What is MK-677 (Ibutamoren)?·What is GHRP-6?·What is GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin)?

  18. 2×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Proposes to Exclude Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, and Liraglutide on the 503B Bulks List. FDA.gov. 2026. FDA Press Announcement

    Cited in What is the difference between compounded and brand GLP-1?·Is compounded semaglutide still legal? (2026 update)

  19. 2×

    World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List (including S0 non-approved substances and S2 peptide hormones/secretagogues). WADA-AMA.org. 2026. WADA Prohibited List

    Cited in Are peptides legal?·Is BPC-157 legal?

  20. 2×

    Billon C, Burris TP, et al. An orally active estrogen receptor-related receptor agonist, SLU-PP-915, enhances aerobic exercise capacity Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2026. PMID 41421047

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report·What is SLU-PP-332?

  21. 2×

    Anti-doping analytical group In Vitro Metabolism and Analytical Characterization of SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915: Novel Pan-ERR Agonists With Doping Potential Drug Testing and Analysis. 2026. PMID 41588687

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report·What is SLU-PP-332?

  22. 2×

    Davies I, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, et al. The Paradox and Future of GLP-1/GIP Combination Therapies: Efficacy and Mechanisms. Annu Rev Nutr. 2026. PMID 42166683

    Cited in What is maritide?·What is VK2735?

  23. 2×

    Vasireddi N, Hahamyan HA, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS Journal. 2025. DOI 10.1177/15563316251355551

    Cited in BPC-157 vs TB-500 compared·What is BPC-157?

  24. 2×

    Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025. SURMOUNT-5 · NEJM 2025

    Cited in Semaglutide vs tirzepatide compared·What is tirzepatide?

  25. 2×

    Garvey WT, Blüher M, Osorto Contreras CK, et al. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (REDEFINE 1). N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2502081

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?·What is CagriSema?

  26. 2×

    Schneck KB, Zhang Q, Bauer R, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2024. DOI 10.1002/psp4.13099

    Cited in How to reconstitute compounded tirzepatide·How long does tirzepatide stay in your system?

  27. 2×

    Billon C, et al. A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2024. PMID 37739806

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report·What is SLU-PP-332?

  28. 2×

    Xu W, et al. Novel Pan-ERR Agonists Ameliorate Heart Failure Through Enhancing Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function Circulation. 2024. PMID 37961903

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report·What is SLU-PP-332?

  29. 2×

    Jakubowska A, le Roux CW, Viljoen A. The Road towards Triple Agonists: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon Receptor — An Update. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2024. PMID 38356208

    Cited in What is VK2735?·What is pemvidutide?

  30. 2×

    Marques P, De Sousa Lages A, Skorupskaite K, et al. Physiology of GnRH and Gonadotropin Secretion. Endotext [Internet], MDText.com. 2024. NCBI Bookshelf NBK279070

    Cited in What is kisspeptin-10?·What is gonadorelin?

  31. 2×

    Billon C, Burris TP, et al. Synthetic ERRalpha/beta/gamma Agonist Induces an ERRalpha-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity ACS Chemical Biology. 2023. PMID 36988910

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report·What is SLU-PP-332?

  32. 2×

    Amylin analog review (Cardiology in Review). Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity. Cardiology in Review (PMID 36883831). 2023. PMID 36883831

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?·What is amycretin?

  33. 2×

    Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab. 2019. DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010

    Cited in Why are GLP-1 medications dosed weekly?·What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?

  34. 2×

    Pickart L, Margolina A. Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides. Cosmetics. 2018. DOI 10.3390/cosmetics5020029

    Cited in What is GHK-Cu (copper peptide)?·What is AHK-Cu?

  35. 2×

    Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017. DOI 10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y

    Cited in BPC-157 half-life: why effects outlast the serum level·What is BPC-157?

  36. 2×

    International Organization for Standardization ISO 8537: Sterile single-use syringes, with or without needle, for insulin — defines the U-100 graduation standard of 100 units per millilitre. ISO. 2016. ISO 8537:2016

    Cited in How to read an insulin syringe·How to draw up a subcutaneous injection

  37. 2×

    Frid AH, Kreugel G, Grassi G, et al. New Insulin Delivery Recommendations (FITTER / Forum for Injection Technique). Mayo Clin Proc. 2016. PMID 27594187

    Cited in Why log and rotate injection sites?·Injection site rotation guide

  38. 2×

    Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International (PMC4508379). 2015. DOI 10.1155/2015/648108

    Cited in What is GHK-Cu (copper peptide)?·What is AHK-Cu?

  39. 2×

    Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2015. PMID 25738459

    Cited in MOTS-c: what your body makes, what mice did, and what 202 people actually report·What is MOTS-c?

  40. 2×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate injection, USP) — full prescribing information. Drugs@FDA (label). 2014. FDA label — Depo-Testosterone

    Cited in Testosterone cypionate vs enanthate·What is testosterone cypionate?

  41. 2×

    Thevis M, Thomas A, Geyer H, et al. Mass spectrometric characterization of a biotechnologically produced full-length mechano growth factor (MGF) relevant for doping controls. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2014. PMID 25466910

    Cited in What is MGF (mechano growth factor)?·What is PEG-MGF?

  42. 2×

    Stier H, Vos E, Kenley D. Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans. J Endocrinol Metab. 2013. J Endocrinol Metab 2013;3(1-2)

    Cited in What is AOD-9604?·What is HGH Fragment 176-191?

  43. 2×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Egrifta (tesamorelin for injection) approval — treatment of excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Drugs@FDA (NDA 022505). 2010. FDA NDA 022505

    Cited in Tesamorelin vs CJC-1295·What is tesamorelin?

  44. 2×

    Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, et al. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007. PMID 18057338

    Cited in Tesamorelin vs CJC-1295·What is tesamorelin?

  45. 2×

    Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of GH persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91(12):4792

    Cited in CJC-1295 DAC vs no-DAC·What is CJC-1295?

  46. 2×

    Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, et al. Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair. Nature. 2004. DOI 10.1038/nature03000

    Cited in BPC-157 vs TB-500 compared·What is TB-500?

  47. 2×

    Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon. J Orthop Res. 2003. DOI 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00110-4

    Cited in BPC-157 vs TB-500 compared·What is BPC-157?

  48. 2×

    Hill M, Goldspink G. Expression and splicing of the insulin-like growth factor gene in rodent muscle is associated with muscle satellite (stem) cell activation following local tissue damage. J Physiol. 2003. PMID 12692175

    Cited in What is MGF (mechano growth factor)?·What is PEG-MGF?

  49. 2×

    Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, et al. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. Endocrinology. 2001. PMID 11713213

    Cited in What is AOD-9604?·What is HGH Fragment 176-191?

  50. 2×

    Ng FM, Sun J, Sharma L, Libinaka R, Jiang WJ, Gianello R. Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone. Horm Res. 2000. PMID 11146367

    Cited in What is AOD-9604?·What is HGH Fragment 176-191?

  51. 2×

    Goldspink G. Changes in muscle mass and phenotype and the expression of autocrine and systemic growth factors by muscle in response to stretch and overload. J Anat. 1999. PMID 10386770

    Cited in What is MGF (mechano growth factor)?·What is PEG-MGF?

  52. 2×

    Bowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, et al. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide stimulates GH release in normal men and acts synergistically with GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990. PMID 2108187

    Cited in What is GHRP-6?·What is GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin)?

  53. 2×

    Bowers CY, Momany FA, Reynolds GA, Hong A. On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone. Endocrinology. 1984. DOI 10.1210/endo-114-5-1537

    Cited in Ipamorelin vs GHRP-6 vs GHRP-2·What is ipamorelin?

  54. 1×

    Applied Sciences scoping review. Thymosin Beta-4 and TB-500 in Tissue Healing, Regeneration, and Musculoskeletal Repair: A Scoping Review. Appl Sci 16(12):6202. 2026. DOI 10.3390/app16126202

    Cited in What is TB-500?

  55. 1×

    Simental-Mendía LE, Barragán-Zúñiga LJ, Reyes-Avitia V. Effect of Retatrutide, a Novel Triple Receptor Agonist, on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2026. PMID 42371360

    Cited in What is retatrutide?

  56. 1×

    Cadena SM, Bogdanovich S, Khurana TS, et al. ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, increases muscle mass and strength in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). PLoS One. 2026. PMID 41686840

    Cited in What is ACE-031?

  57. 1×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (role, roster, and meeting materials). FDA.gov. 2026. FDA Advisory Committees

    Cited in What is happening with FDA peptide regulation in 2026?

  58. 1×

    FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee PCAC votes 8-6 to recommend adding BPC-157 to the 503A bulk substances list (non-binding; rulemaking pending) AJMC coverage of the July 23-24, 2026 meeting. 2026. PCAC July 2026 meeting

    Cited in BPC-157 doses: what 182 people actually report

  59. 1×

    STAT News BPC-157: the science, safety and regulatory questions behind the peptide STAT News. 2026. STAT 2026-02-03

    Cited in BPC-157 doses: what 182 people actually report

  60. 1×

    Review authors Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here? Peer-reviewed review. 2026. PMID 42229401

    Cited in SS-31 (elamipretide): what the trial found, and what 117 people actually report

  61. 1×

    Anti-doping analytical group Analysis and Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Exercise Mimetic SLU-PP-332 ERRalpha/beta/gamma Agonist for Doping-Control Purposes Drug Testing and Analysis. 2026. PMID 41688415

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report

  62. 1×

    Review authors Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Peer-reviewed review. 2026. PMID 42123471

    Cited in MOTS-c: what your body makes, what mice did, and what 202 people actually report

  63. 1×

    Case report (Life, MDPI). Changes in Oral Mucosa Associated with Melanotan II Injections: A Case Report. Life (Basel). 2026. DOI 10.3390/life16020265

    Cited in What is Melanotan II?

  64. 1×

    Nielsen MJF, Becker NP, Duus HHH, et al. Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous Cagrilintide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2026. PMID 42228334

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?

  65. 1×

    Rao H, Kumar S, Ali SME, et al. Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2026. PMID 42180166

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?

  66. 1×

    de Souza-Lima J, Astrosa-Martin BD, Galaz-Rodríguez CA, et al. Pharmacological activation of ERRα/β/γ as an exercise mimetic: potential therapeutic applications. Rev Med Chil. 2026. PMID 42024694

    Cited in What is SLU-PP-332?

  67. 1×

    Fu L, Ding R, Xu G, et al. Amycretin in obesity: Mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future perspectives. Metabolism. 2026. PMID 41850421

    Cited in What is amycretin?

  68. 1×

    Kansakar U, Jankauskas SS, Pande S, et al. Orforglipron: A Comprehensive Review of an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. PMID 41683830

    Cited in What is orforglipron?

  69. 1×

    Horn DB, Ryan DH, Kis SG, et al. Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (ATTAIN-2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2026. PMID 41275875

    Cited in What is orforglipron?

  70. 1×

    Hammad N, Ramadan AM, Nazmy A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Oral GLP-1 RA Orforglipron on Weight and Glycemic Control According to Diabetes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2026. PMID 41640110

    Cited in What is orforglipron?

  71. 1×

    Zaman W, Amin A. Orforglipron and the emergence of oral GLP-1 therapy for obesity: efficacy, safety, and clinical positioning. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2026. PMID 42138103

    Cited in What is orforglipron?

  72. 1×

    Bays HE, Toth P, Alkhouri N, et al. Weekly Subcutaneous VK2735, a GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist, for Weight Management: Phase 2, Randomized, 13-Week VENTURE Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2026. PMID 41508550

    Cited in What is VK2735?

  73. 1×

    Elmendorf AJ, Yousefian M, Kim IM, et al. IUPHAR review: From foe to friend: Repurposing glucagon to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2026. PMID 41478576

    Cited in What is pemvidutide?

  74. 1×

    Luthra NS, Bonham LW, Moreno AJ, et al. Longevity Factor Klotho and Resistance to Cognitive Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and in an α-Synuclein Mouse Model. J Neurosci. 2026. PMID 41916755

    Cited in What is klotho?

  75. 1×

    Mahdavi S. Klotho, Kidneys, and Micronutrient Signaling: A Promising Paradigm for Healthy Aging. Lifestyle Genom. 2026. PMID 41036659

    Cited in What is klotho?

  76. 1×

    Abdrabou Abouelmagd A, Abdelrehim AM, Bashir MN, et al. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2025. PMID 40291085

    Cited in What is retatrutide?

  77. 1×

    Takrori E, Peshin S, Singal S. Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of Anti-Obesity Medications in Non-Diabetic Adults: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025. PMID 41303824

    Cited in What is retatrutide?

  78. 1×

    Review authors Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. Peer-reviewed review. 2025. PMID 39940712

    Cited in SS-31 (elamipretide): what the trial found, and what 117 people actually report

  79. 1×

    Pilot study authors Targeting ERRs to counteract age-related muscle atrophy associated with physical inactivity: a pilot study Frontiers in Physiology. 2025. PMID 40692696

    Cited in SLU-PP-332 doses: what 133 people actually report

  80. 1×

    Study authors Reduced serum levels of mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Peer-reviewed study. 2025. PMID 40538389

    Cited in MOTS-c: what your body makes, what mice did, and what 202 people actually report

  81. 1×

    Davies MJ, Bajaj HS, Broholm C, et al. Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (REDEFINE 2). N Engl J Med. 2025. PMID 40544432

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?

  82. 1×

    Jacobsen JM, Halling JF, Blom I, et al. CagriSema drives weight loss in rats by reducing energy intake and preserving energy expenditure. Nature Metabolism. 2025. PMID 40629149

    Cited in What is Cagrilintide?

  83. 1×

    Ryan DH. New drugs for the treatment of obesity: do we need approaches to preserve muscle mass? Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. PMID 40320499

    Cited in What is bimagrumab?

  84. 1×

    Liu CM, Killion EA, Hammoud R, et al. A GIPR-antagonist/GLP-1 peptide-antibody conjugate requires brain GIPR and GLP-1R for maximal weight loss in obese mice. Nat Metab. 2025. PMID 40301582

    Cited in What is maritide?

  85. 1×

    Gasiorek A, Heydorn A, Gabery S, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the first-in-class GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist, amycretin: a first-in-human, phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2025. PMID 40550229

    Cited in What is amycretin?

  86. 1×

    Dahl K, Toubro S, Dey S, et al. Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2025. PMID 40550231

    Cited in What is amycretin?

  87. 1×

    Ji L, Jiang H, Cheng Z, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight (GLORY-1). N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2411528

    Cited in What is mazdutide?

  88. 1×

    GLORY-2 Study Investigators (Innovent Biologics). Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2025. PMID 42251595

    Cited in What is mazdutide?

  89. 1×

    Davies M, Blüher M, Kandler K, et al. Cagrilintide–Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (REDEFINE 2). N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2502082

    Cited in What is CagriSema?

  90. 1×

    Sinha B, Ghosal S. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Retatrutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025. PMID 40685589

    Cited in What is VK2735?

  91. 1×

    Browne SK, Suschak JJ, Tomah S, et al. Safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. JHEP Rep. 2025. PMID 41113119

    Cited in What is pemvidutide?

  92. 1×

    Anderson SL. Emerging concepts in obesity management: focus on glucagon receptor agonist combinations. Drugs Context. 2025. PMID 40734920

    Cited in What is pemvidutide?

  93. 1×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to First Treatment for Barth Syndrome (elamipretide, Forzinity). FDA.gov news release. 2025. FDA press announcement (Sep 2025)

    Cited in What is SS-31 (elamipretide)?

  94. 1×

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Arimidex (anastrozole) tablets — full prescribing information. Drugs@FDA (label). 2024. FDA label — Arimidex (NDA 020541)

    Cited in What is anastrozole?

  95. 1×

    Sanyal AJ, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nat Med. 2024. DOI 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2

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  96. 1×

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